Intellectual disability (mental retardation).

摘要

Intellectual disability is a general term for what has previously been described as mental retardation. ID is a lifelong condition characterized by significant impairment of cognitive and adaptive development owing to abnormalities of brain structure or function. ID is not a single entity, but rather a general symptom of neurologic dysfunction. At this time, the terminology used with respect to intellectual disability (ID) (mental retardation [MR]) is shifting. The term mental retardation is still in use in many settings, including by some clinicians, and is found in legal and public policies that determine eligibility for support; however, the use of the term intellectual disability as a direct substitute for mental retardation is increasing.