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Children. The unwitting target of environmental injustices.

机译:孩子们环境不公正的目标。

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Children have little control over where they live, what they eat, the financial circumstances of their families, or the developmental activities and behaviors that make them vulnerable to environmental contaminants. Minority and poor families disproportionately live in communities with landfills, hazardous waste facilities, incinerators, industrial plants, and old housing with poor indoor air quality and lead-based paint. Residents of these communities are also more likely than are more affluent communities to consume fish on a regular basis from local waters, many of which have banned fishing. Consequently, these children and their families are exposed more frequently than are children in other communities to potentially dangerous chemicals that can affect health. Data indicate that poor and minority children have higher rates of asthma, elevated blood lead levels, learning disabilities, and hyperactivity than do non-minority and more affluent children. When a group of people is exposed unfairly and inequitably to toxins in their communities, workplaces, and schools, a phenomenon called environmental discrimination or environmental racism exists. Environmental justice is a US governmental remedy that requires the application of fair strategies and processes in the resolution of inequality related to environmental contamination. The US response resulted in the establishment of offices of Environmental Justice within the EPA and ATSDR and passage of important legislation and policies, such as the Community Planning and Right-to-Know Act of 1986, Executive Order 12898 (Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations), and Executive Order 13045, a parallel order to protect low-income and minority children from actual and potential environmental hazards. Communities and advocacy groups play an important role in promoting healthier environments for children. Frequently, low-income and minority communities are perceived as less powerful, less organized, and ill equipped to defend against actual and potential sources of environmental contamination. Health care professionals are in a strategic position to assist with community development, organizing, and empowerment through educational programming, networking, and supporting other activities that bring attention to the plight of environmentally vulnerable communities.
机译:儿童几乎无法控制他们的住所,饮食,家庭经济状况或发展活动和行为,使他们容易受到环境污染物的影响。少数族裔和贫困家庭居住在垃圾填埋场,危险废物设施,焚化炉,工业厂房和室内空气质量差且含铅涂料的旧房屋的社区中。与较富裕的社区相比,这些社区的居民更有可能定期从当地水域中消费鱼类,其中许多地方已禁止捕鱼。因此,与其他社区的儿童相比,这些儿童及其家庭更经常接触可能影响健康的潜在危险化学物质。数据表明,与非少数民族和较富裕的儿童相比,贫穷和少数民族的儿童具有更高的哮喘发生率,血铅水平升高,学习障碍和多动症。当一群人在其社区,工作场所和学校中不公正地,不平等地接触毒素时,就会出现一种称为环境歧视或环境种族主义的现象。环境正义是美国政府的一项补救措施,要求在解决与环境污染有关的不平等问题时运用公平的战略和程序。美国的回应导致在EPA和ATSDR内设立了环境司法办公室,并通过了重要的法律和政策,例如1986年的《社区规划和知情权法》,第12898号行政命令(解决环境司法的联邦行动)以及第13045号行政命令,该命令旨在保护低收入和少数族裔儿童免受实际和潜在的环境危害。社区和倡导团体在改善儿童健康环境方面发挥着重要作用。通常,低收入和少数族裔社区被认为实力较弱,组织较弱,并且没有能力抵御实际和潜在的环境污染源。卫生保健专业人员处于战略地位,可以通过教育计划,建立网络和支持其他活动来帮助社区发展,组织和赋权,并支持引起人们关注环境脆弱社区困境的其他活动。

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