The United States is now facing aggressive federal policies that seek to transform national petroleum consumption by increasing vehicle fuel efficiency and renewable fuel use. The current standards —and Fuel Economy (CAFE) requirements have produced tremendous progress in fuel efficiency. A 2002 National Academy of Sciences study that sought to gauge the impact of CAFE found that fuel consumption was 14 percent lower in 2002 than it would have been without any policies on fuel efficiency. This impact will only grow as CAFE fuel-efficiency requirements soon climb above 35 miles per gallon.
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