Perfect managing of preparation and treatment of the melt and the choice of suitable sand mixture for manufacture of moulds and cores are preconditions for the achievement of high quality of castings also in the case of casting magnesium alloys in sand moulds. It is possible only if the basic chemical processes running during the contact of the melt with surrounding atmosphere and during the reaction of the melt with moulding materials are understood. The presented work deals with basic analysis of these processes from the point of view of possible chemical reactions and their consequences. It aims in particular to give the rounded-off survey of present knowledge in this field mainly for its use in practice. Further development of melting of magnesium alloys is connected particularly with accommodation of individual technological operations and used methods of melt protection to newly developed alloys making possible to improve some important mechanical or physical properties. Great attention is also paid to the reduction of harmful emissions from these processes that is caused especially by the pressure from authorized international and national institutions on the base of the Kyoto protocol.
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