Detecting acaricide resistance in Turkish populations of Panonychus citri McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae)

摘要

In this study resistance levels of eggs and adult females of citrus red mite Panonychus citri McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae) were determined for spirodiclofen, dicofol, tetradifon and fenbutatin oxide which are commonly used acaricides in the Cukurova Region of Turkey. Bioassay tests were conducted with five different populations of P. citri. Four populations were collected from commercial citrus orchards from Havutlu, Karadut, Kayarli and Cicekli villages of the Cukurova region, where acaricide-insecticides have been intensively applied by growers to supress mite populations. One population was collected from a pesticide free area in the city center of Adana to be used as a susceptible (S) population in the experiments. According to the study, all four orchard populations were found to be more resistant than the S population to the four acaricides used in the experiments. Furthermore, acaricide resistance levels of tested populations varied, ranging from location to location due to the different spraying habits and frequency. Additionally, the resistance ratios obtained with eggs were lower than the resistance ratios of adult females. Compared to the S population, the highest resistance ratios of P. citri eggs were found 19.0, 38.9, 7.5 and 7.9 for Karadut, Cicekli, Cicekli and Kayarli populations, for spirodiclofen, dicofol, tetradifon and fenbutatin oxide, respectively. In the adult females, the highest resistance ratios were found to be 70.3, 159.6, 111.9 and 212.3 for the same populations and the acaricide order given above, respectively. Results of this study indicated that acaricides used to control P. citri should be monitored regularly to determine citrus red mite resistance levels for successful mite management. Acaricides which have least resistance should be preferred. In addition, rotation of acaricide having different modes of action to minimize development of resistance is essential.