Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Process Analytical Tool Part II: At-line and On-line Applications and Implementation Strategies

摘要

In the first article of this pair (1), a general introduction to near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was presented. Additionally, laboratory applications of this technique in the pharmaceutical industry were discussed. This installment will explore NIR applications performed at-line and on-line. Some of the same types of measurements as those made in the laboratory can also be performed at-line and on-line — for example, moisture and particle-size measurements, or polymorph determinations. Other on-line applications include monitoring of reactions and powder blend uniformity. This article will also discuss some points to be considered in implementing NIR as a process analytical tool.