A Mixed-Approach Analysis of Deformations in Pipe Bends. Part 2. Three-Dimensional Bending with Internal Pressure

摘要

We analyze a problem of determination of stressed state and flexibility of a pipe bend under a combined action of internal pressure and bending moments applied both in and out of plane of the bend curvature. This problem is referred to as a geometrically nonlinear one where an increase in internal pressure brings about a decrease in ovalization stresses induced by bending moments. A o unique method of allowing for the pressure is put forward, which is based on the consideration that the pressure-induced circumferential stresses greatly exceed the stresses due to bending moments. A general set of equations for all displacements and stress components is derived. The present results are compared with those reported elsewhere.