Ives' identity which links the different gamma factors of special relativity can be used to show that Einstein's famous E = mc(2) law is the quadratic (transverse) special case of a more general first-order longitudinal law E = mcv/2. The latter allows the conversion of energy into both positive and negative mass increments. It arises as an implication of both the equivalence principle and quantum mechanics in a gravitational potential. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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