Alloys of copper indium diselenide are among the most promising candidates for reducing the cost of photovoltaics below the cost of crystalline silicon. Small area, fully integrated modules exceed 13% in efficiency and long-term outdoor stability has been shown. The availability of natural resources and the effect upon the environment both appear to be acceptable. Challenges remain to scale the process to larger area and to pass accelerated environmental testing. [References: 12]
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