In the last thirty years ecological issues have taken on a higher profile, and a greater significance in society, with various national and local biodiversity initiatives and an increase in domestic and European legislation. As a consequence conflictsbetween timber production, the primary function of commercial forestry, and wildlife conservation can arise.There are often difficulties faced during forestry operations in relation to protected species. Consequences can range from time delays and changed harvesting plans to significant additional financial costs. A failure to comply with the legislation can lead to substantial fines and even custodial sentences.
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