Single-Frequency Ultrasonic Crystallization Monitoring (UCM): Innovative Technique for In-Line Analyzing of Industrial Crystallization Processes

摘要

The development, principles, and application of the single-frequency, ultrasonic crystallization monitoring (UCM) technique is discussed. It is shown that the three most important process parameters to control industrial crystallization processes (mean crystal size, suspension density, and liquid concentration) can be monitored simultaneously in-line by means of only one measuring technique holding two sensors. A proof of concept is presented that clearly shows the feasibility and applicability of the UCM method. In demarcation to alternative PAT in the field of industrial crystallization, advantages, potentials, and limits are outlined and discussed with particular reference to the applicability of the technology and the material systems together with the transferability to other substances as well as the scale-up ability of the underlying mathematical model. Additionally, the reliability of the UCM technique is validated by comparing the results with established and commercially available PAT for the solid phase.