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Parity as a major factor affecting infant mortality of highly endangered Indian rhinoceros: Evidence from zoos and Dudhwa National Park, India

机译:均等是影响高度濒危的印度犀牛婴儿死亡率的主要因素:来自动物园和印度杜德瓦国家公园的证据

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The Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) is a highly endangered species that inhabits only three political states. Recently, Zschokke and Baur [Zschokke, S., Baur, B., 2002. Inbreeding, outbreeding, infant growth, and size dimorphism in captive Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis). Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, 2014-2023] found that the offspring of matings between captive Indian rhinoceros individuals from the Kaziranga and Chitwan populations had high mortality rates. These authors suggested that these two populations are partially genetically incompatible and, thus, they proposed that these would be separated into two subspecies. In this study we compiled data from a captive population with data from Dudhwa National Park (India), where rhinoceroses were successfully reintroduced in 1984. In Dudhwa, the breeding male came from the Kaziranga population and four out of the five breeding females came from the Chitwan population. In spite of these different origins, the Dudhwa population has bred very well. We analyzed, the factors influencing infant mortality of 22 Dudhwa and 181 captive calves. Outbreeding (matings between animals from Kaziranga and Chitwan) did not play any role in infant mortality. From our data, we can conclude that parity, not outbreeding, is responsible for infant mortality in the Indian rhinoceros. Thus, we are unable to agree with Zschokke and Baur's suggestion that the Chitwan and Kaziranga populations belong to separate subspecies. Rather, we propose that the hybridization of captive animals from Chitwan and Kaziranga, as well as those in the wild, should help save the genetic diversity of this highly endangered species.
机译:印度犀牛(Rhinoceros unicornis)是高度濒危的物种,仅栖息于三个政治州。最近,Zschokke和Baur [Zschokke,S.,Baur,B.,2002年。圈养印度犀牛(Rhinoceros unicornis)的近交,近交,婴儿生长和大小二态性。 [Canadian Journal of Zoology 80,2014-2023]发现,来自卡齐兰加(Kaziranga)和奇旺(Chitwan)种群的圈养印度犀牛个体之间的交配后代死亡率很高。这些作者认为这两个种群在遗传上部分不相容,因此,他们建议将它们分为两个亚种。在这项研究中,我们使用印度杜德瓦国家公园(Dudhwa National Park,印度)的圈养种群数据进行了汇编,该物种于1984年成功重新引入了犀牛。在杜德瓦,育种雄性来自卡齐兰加种群,五分之四的雌性都来自卡兹兰加种群。奇旺人口。尽管有不同的出身,但杜德瓦人的繁殖情况非常好。我们分析了22只Dudhwa和181只圈养小牛的婴儿死亡率的影响因素。近亲繁殖(来自卡齐兰加和奇旺的动物之间的交配)对婴儿死亡率没有任何作用。根据我们的数据,我们可以得出结论,印度犀牛的婴儿死亡率与胎龄无关,而不是近亲繁殖。因此,我们不同意Zschokke和Baur关于Chitwan和Kaziranga种群属于不同亚种的建议。相反,我们建议将奇旺(Chitwan)和卡齐兰加(Kaziranga)的圈养动物以及野生动物杂交,应有助于保存这一高度濒危物种的遗传多样性。

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