The electronic transitions and emission of an atom during its interaction with a spatially inhomogeneous ultrashort pulse of electromagnetic field are considered. The probabilities of excitation and ionization, as well as the spectra and cross sections of reemission of such a pulse by the atom, are obtained. As an example, the one- and two-electron inelastic processes accompanying the interaction of ultrashort pulses with hydrogen- and helium-like atoms are considered.
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