Development of Methods for Synthesis of Surface-Modified Fluoropolymer-Containing Composite Materials

摘要

The results of studies into development of methods for synthesizing new modified fluoropolymer-containing composite materials were summarized. The issues covered include: new modes and initiation methods of graft polymerization of fluoromonomers onto the surface of items of various nature and dispersity without homopolymer formation; nature of the surface active centers of the modified material and how it affects the kinetics and mechanism of both postradiation graft polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene and the subsequent chemical modification of the graft-polymer; major mechanisms and methods of blocking the terminal radicals of the grafted fluoropolymer layer, including those based on reaction with some perfluoroolefins at their double bond, yielding stable long-lived radicals, which allows controlling the physicochemical properties of composite materials; and new methods of synthesis of selective biocompatible sorbents with specific adsorption properties. Accelerating effect of oxygen on polymerization was analyzed, and the phenomenon of ozone initiation of low-temperature polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene was revealed and examined; a new class of high-performance polymerization initiators, namely, perflouroolefin ozonides, was synthesized; and new methods of initiation of polymerization and copolymerization of fluoromonomers, as well as of some other monomers with their use were developed.