High surface-quality requirements (roughness R_a = 0.05-0.25 μm; little corrugation) are imposed on ground steel parts for general or junction assemblies - for example, prestressed structures. Such requirements apply, for example, to the surfaces of plunger pairs and gear seatings and extend to a variety of materials (such as ceramics, reinforced metals, and multilayer metals with nonmetallic lamination). The required surface roughness may be produced by fine grinding on a precision coordinate-grinding machine, thanks to the increased rigidity of its components and the high grinding speed.
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