Restructuring a centrally planned seed sector to a privately owned and market oriented sector in Eastern Europe, with particular reference to FSU: policy, legal and institutional aspects

摘要

The paper outlines the legal and institutional framework of seed sectors operating in EU countries. listing relevant laws so that adequate policies and structural adjustment strategies of the seed sector in the former Soviet Union (FSU) can be formulated. Sections cover: government policy in market economies; legal framework; law on variety protection and plant breeders rights; law on seed production and marketing; government institutions to facilitate implementing of policies; the private seed system; lessons learnt in transforming the centrally planned seed sector in East Germany to a market oriented one in the early 1990s; performance of the seed system including pricing; and a case study of the Tacis seed project, Moldova.