The inclusion of stakeholders and cultural ecosystem services in land management trade-off decisions using an ecosystem services approach

摘要

Context An ecosystem service approach for land-use or conservation decisions normally uses economic or biophysical assessments for valuating nature's services. In contrast, even though ecosystem services are required for human well-being, the actual use of services by differing stakeholder groups are rarely considered in typical ecosystem service assessments, especially the more intangible, cultural ecosystem services.