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Biological Chemistry as a Foundation of DNA Genealogy: the Emergence of 'Molecular History'

机译:生物化学作为DNA系谱学的基础:“分子历史”的出现

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This paper presents the basis of DNA genealogy, a new field of science, which is currently emerging as an unusual blend of biochemistry, history, linguistics, and chemical kinetics. The methodology of the new approach is comprised of chemical (biological) kinetics applied to a pattern of mutations in non-recombinant fragments of DNA (Y chromosome and mtDNA, the latter not being considered in this overview). The goal of the analysis is to translate DNA mutation patterns into time spans to the most recent common ancestors of a given population or tribe and to the dating of ancient migration routes. To illustrate this approach, time spans to the common ancestors are calculated for ethnic Russians, that is Eastern Slavs (R1a1 tribe), Western Slavs (I1 and I2 tribes), and Northern (or Uralic) Slavs (N1c tribe), which were found to live around 4600 years before present (R1a1), 3650 ybp (I1), 3000 and 10,500 ybp (I2, two principal DNA lineages), and 3525 ybp (N1c) (confidence intervals are given in the main text). The data were compared with the respective dates for the nearest common ancestor of the R1a1 "Indo-European" population in India, who lived 4050 years before present, whose descendants represent the majority of the upper castes in India today (up to 72%). Furthermore, it was found that the hap-lotypes of ethnic Russians of the R1a1 haplogroup (up to 62% of the population in the Russian Federation) and those of the R1a1 Indians (more than 100 million today) are practically identical to each other, up to 67-marker haplotypes. This essentially solves a 200-year-old mystery of who were the Aryans who arrived in India around 3500 years before the present. Haplotypes and time spans to the ancient common ancestors were also compared for the ethnic Russians of haplogroups I1 and I2, on one hand, and the respective I1 and I2 populations in Eastern and Western Europe and Scandinavia, on the other. It is suggested that the approach described in this overview lays the foundation for "molecular history", in which the principal tool is high-technology analysis of DNA molecules of both our contemporaries and excavated ancient DNA samples, along with their biological kinetics.
机译:本文介绍了DNA系谱学的基础,这是一个新的科学领域,目前正作为生化,历史,语言学和化学动力学的不寻常结合而出现。新方法的方法学包括应用于DNA非重组片段(Y染色体和mtDNA,在本概述中未考虑后者)的突变模式的化学(生物)动力学。分析的目的是将DNA突变模式转化为给定人口或部落的最近共同祖先的时间跨度,以及古代迁徙路线的年代。为了说明这种方法,计算了发现的俄罗斯民族(即东部斯拉夫人(R1a1部落),西斯拉夫人(I1和I2部落)和北部(或乌拉尔)斯拉夫人(N1c部落)到共同祖先的时间跨度。到现在为止居住4600年(R1a1),3650 ybp(I1),3000和10,500 ybp(I2,两个主要DNA谱系)和3525 ybp(N1c)(置信区间在正文中给出)。将数据与印度R1a1“印欧语系”人口的最近共同祖先的各个日期进行了比较,他们居住在现在之前已有4050年,其后代代表了当今印度大多数上等种姓(最高72%) 。此外,我们发现,R1a1单倍群的俄罗斯人(最多占俄罗斯联邦人口的62%)和R1a1印第安人(今天超过1亿)的人像型实际上是相同的,多达67个标记的单倍型。从本质上讲,这解决了一个200年前的神秘,这个神秘人士是从现在起大约3500年之前到达印度的雅利安人。一方面,我们还比较了I1和I2单体组的俄罗斯人,以及东欧和西欧以及斯堪的纳维亚半岛的I1和I2人口,比较了古代古代祖先的单体型和时间跨度。建议该概述中描述的方法为“分子历史”奠定基础,其中主要工具是对当代和已发掘的古代DNA样本的DNA分子及其生物学动力学进行高科技分析。

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