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Positioning positivism, critical realism and social constructionism in the health sciences: a philosophical orientation.

机译:在健康科学中定位实证主义,批判现实主义和社会建构主义:一种哲学取向。

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Positioning positivism, critical realism and social constructionism in the health sciences: a philosophical orientation This article starts by considering the differences within the positivist tradition and then it moves on to compare two of the most prominent schools of postpositivism, namely critical realism and social constructionism. Critical realists hold, with positivism, that knowledge should be positively applied, but reject the positivist method for doing this, arguing that causal explanations have to be based not on empirical regularities but on references to unobservable structures. Social constructionists take a different approach to postpositivism and endorse a relativist rejection of truth and hold that the task of research is to foster a scepticism that undermines any positive truth claim made. It is argued that social constructionism is a contradictory position.
机译:在健康科学中定位实证主义,批判现实主义和社会建构主义:一个哲学取向本文首先考虑实证主义传统内的差异,然后继续比较后实证主义的两个最杰出的学派,即批判现实主义和社会建构主义。批判的现实主义者以实证主义认为应该积极应用知识,但是拒绝实证主义这样做,认为因果关系的解释必须不是基于经验规律,而是基于对不可观察结构的引用。社会建构主义者对后实证主义采取了不同的方法,并认可了相对主义者对真理的拒绝,并认为研究的任务是培养一种怀疑论,以破坏任何积极的真理主张。有人认为社会建构主义是一个矛盾的立场。

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