Madeleine Leininger (1925-2012): In Memoriam

摘要

Madeleine Leininger's nursing theory of culture care diversity and universality is a grand theory. The theory has sensitized innumerable nurses to the factors, depicted in the Sunrise Enabler, that contribute to the diversity and universality of human beings' health-related beliefs and lifeways. As our discipline's first nurse anthropologist, Madeleine added the richness of ethnographic methods to nursing's methodological approaches with her distinctive ethnonursing methodology. The findings of more than 100 studies guided by the theory of culture care diversity and universality and ethnonursing methodology have advanced our knowledge of human beings across many cultures. Madeleine's contributions to transcul-tural nursing will continue to inspire nurses to always consider culture when conducting research, teaching other nurses, administering nursing services, and caring for people. All of us are forever grateful to Madeleine.