On the 'Local Approach' to the Brittle Fracture of Structural Materials

摘要

We consider the principles and sources of an important scientific direction in fracture mechanics-the so-called "local approach" to the problem of fracture of materials. This approach provides a possibility to describe their crack resistance based on conventional mechanical properties and opens up a direct way to determining the limiting state of structural elements. As the first example of the application of this approach, we present the principal propositions of the two-parameter if-model of fracture, which relates the "global" K_(IC) and "local" pc and 0C parameters via the yield condition on the contour of a small plastic zone near the tip of a crack. For the last decades, this direction was developed substantially and extended to the regions of quasi-brittle and ductile fracture. We also present the basic statements of this approach that were corroborated for the last decades.