Ultracold quantum gases offer a unique setting for quantum simulation of interacting many-body systems. The high degree of controllability, the novel detection possibilities and the extreme physical parameter regimes that can be reached in these 'artificial solids' provide an exciting complementary set-up compared with natural condensed-matter systems, much in the spirit of Feynman's vision of a quantum simulator. Here we review recent advances in technology and discuss progress in a number of areas where experimental results have already been obtained.
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