In March 2009, everolimus (Afinitor; Novartis), an inhibitor of mTOR, was approved by the US FDA for the treatment of patients with advanced kidney cancer.Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for around 2-3% of cancers. The primary-treatment for RCC is surgical excision, with pharmacotherapy being used in advanced stages of the disease. Historically, this involved immunotherapy with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-alpha(IFN-alpha), alone or in combination, but this approach is limited by toxicity and generally poor response rates.
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