Moglichkeiten der Resistenzzuchtung im Hinblick auf den Befall der Nutzpflanzen mit FusariumPossibilities of breeding for resistance to Fusarium in cultivated plants

摘要

Possibilities of breeding for resistance to Fusarium in cultivated plants Fusarium species cause yield losses and produce mycotoxins that accumulate in the grains of cereals. The presence of toxins in human food and animal feed can be associated with serious health problems. The assessment of resistance in different growth stages is carried out after artificial inoculation with quantitative scoring procedures. The level of resistance is strongly influenced by a number of nongenetic factors. Nevertheless, a significant genetic variation is present so that a significant progress can be expected by breeding. The correlations between resistance traits and mycotoxin contents are medium and highly influenced by environmental factors. The use of new genes of resistance identified in genetic resources leads to broadening of the genetic base of resistance. In barley the genetic variation usable for breeding is lower than in wheat. Both in wheat and in barley the use of molecular markers aims at the combination of resistance genes and of different types of resistance in order to create cultivars with a high and long lasting level of resistance.