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Rationalities of Knowledge Production: On Transformations of Objects, Technologies and Information in Biomedicine and the Life Sciences.

机译:知识生产的合理性:关于生物医学和生命科学中对象,技术和信息的转换。

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Rationalities of Knowledge Production: On Transformations of Objects, Technologies and Information in Biomedicine and the Life Sciences. Since decades, scientific change has been interpreted in the light of paradigm shifts and scientific revolutions. The Kuhnian interpretation of scientific change however is now more and more confronted with non-disciplinary thinking in both, science and studies on science. This paper explores how research in biomedicine and the life sciences can be characterized by different rationalities, sometimes converging, sometimes contradictory, all present at the same time with varying ways of influence, impact, and visibility. In general, the rationality of objects is generated by fitting new objects and findings into a new experimental context. The rationality of hypotheses is a move towards the construction of novel explanatory tools and models. This is often inseparable meshing with the third, the technological rationally, in which a technology-driven, self-supporting and sometimes self-referential refinement of methods and technologies comes along with an extension into other fields. During the second and the third phase, the new and emerging fields tend to expand their explanatory reach not only across disciplinary boundaries but also into the social sphere, creating what has been characterized as "exceptionalism" (e.g. genetic exceptionalism or neuro-exceptionalism). Finally, recent biomedicine and life-sciences reach a level in which experimental work becomes more and more data-driven because the technologically constructed experimental systems generate a plethora of findings (data) which at some point start to blur the original hypotheses. For the rationality of information the materiality of research practices becomes secondary and research objects are more and more getting out of sight. Finally, the credibility of science as a practice becomes more and more dependent on consensus about the applicability and relevance of its results. The rationality of interest (and accountability) has become more and more characteristic for a research process which is no longer primarily determined by the desire for knowledge but by the desire for relevance. This paper explores in which ways object-driven and hypotheses-driven experimental life-sciences transformed into domains of experimental research evolving in a technologically constructed, data-driven environment in which they are subjected to constant morphing due to the forces of different rationalities.
机译:知识生产的合理性:生物医学和生命科学中对象,技术和信息的转换。几十年来,人们根据范式转换和科学革命来解释科学变革。然而,库恩对科学变革的解释现在越来越多地在科学和科学研究方面面临非学科思维。本文探讨了如何以不同的理性,有时是会聚的,有时是矛盾的,同时以不同的影响,影响和可见性同时出现的合理性来表征生物医学和生命科学的研究。通常,对象的合理性是通过将新对象和发现适合新的实验环境而产生的。假设的合理性是朝着构建新颖的解释工具和模型迈进的一步。这通常与第三种技术(理性的技术)密不可分,在第三种技术中,技术驱动的,自我支持的,有时是自我参照的方法和技术的完善以及对其他领域的扩展。在第二和第三阶段,新兴领域不仅将其解释范围扩大到学科领域,而且还将其扩展到社会领域,从而形成了被称为“例外主义”的特征(例如遗传例外论或神经例外论)。最后,近来的生物医学和生命科学达到了一个水平,在此水平上,实验工作变得越来越由数据驱动,因为技术构建的实验系统产生了大量的发现(数据),这些发现(数据)在某些时候开始模糊了最初的假设。为了信息的合理性,研究实践的重要性成为次要的,研究对象也越来越不为人所知。最后,科学作为一种实践的信誉越来越依赖于关于其结果的适用性和相关性的共识。兴趣(和责任制)的合理性已成为研究过程的越来越多的特征,研究过程不再主要由对知识的渴望决定,而由对相关性的渴望决定。本文探讨了在技术构建,数据驱动的环境中,对象驱动和假设驱动的实验生命科学以何种方式演变为实验研究的领域,在这些环境中,它们由于不同理性的力量而不断变形。

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