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Implicit theories and motivational focus: Desired future versus present reality

机译:内隐理论和动机焦点:期望的未来与当前现实

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People's beliefs concerning their abilities differ. Incremental theorists believe their abilities (e.g., intelligence) are malleable; entity theorists believe their abilities are fixed (Dweck in Mindset: the new psychology of success. Random House, New York, 2007). On the basis that incremental theorists should emphasize improving their abilities for the future, whereas entity theorists should emphasize demonstrating their abilities in the present reality, we predicted that, when thinking about their wishes, compared to entity theorists, incremental theorists focus more toward the desired future than the present reality. We assessed participants' motivational focus using a paradigm that differentiated how much they chose to imagine the desired future versus the present reality regarding an important wish (Kappes et al. in Emotion 11: 1206–1222, 2011). We found the predicted effect by manipulating (Study 1) and measuring implicit theories (Study 2), in the academic (Study 1) and in the sport domain (Study 2).
机译:人们关于自己能力的信念是不同的。增量理论家认为他们的能力(例如智力)具有延展性;实体理论家相信他们的能力是固定的(Dweck in Mindset:成功的新心理。RandomHouse,纽约,2007年)。基于增量理论家应该强调提高未来的能力,而实体理论家应该强调展示其在当前现实中的能力,我们预测,在考虑他们的愿望时,与实体理论家相比,增量理论家将注意力更多地集中在期望上未来要比现在现实。我们使用范式评估了参与者的动机重点,该范式区分了他们对一个重要愿望选择想象的未来与现实之间的差异(Kappes等人,在Emotion 11:1206–1222,2011)。我们通过操纵(研究1)和测量隐含理论(研究2),在学术界(研究1)和运动领域(研究2)发现了预期的效果。

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