Development based climate change adaptation and mitigation--conceptual issues and lessons learned in studies in developing countries

摘要

This paper discusses the conceptual basis for linking development policies andclimate change adaptation and mitigation and suggests an analytical approach that can beapplied to studies in developing countries. The approach is centred on a broad set of policyevaluation criteria that merge traditional economic and sectoral goals and broader socialissues related to health and income distribution. The approach is inspired by institutionaleconomics and development paradigms that emphasise human wellbeing, resource access,empowerment, and the arrived freedoms. It is outlined how indicators of wellbeing can beused to assess policies that integrate development and climate change policy objectives,and this approach is discussed in comparison with other work that rather have beeninspired by sustainable development aspects of manmade, natural, and social capital. Theexperiences and results from case studies of development and climate that have done a firstattempt to use human wellbeing indicators are reported and discussed. The studies includework from India, China, South Africa, Brazil, Bangladesh, and Senegal. A number ofpolicy examples in the energy-, food-, and water sectors in these studies have shown up todemonstrate numerous linkages between development policies and climate change.,Various analytical tools have been used in the studies including quantitative and qualitativescenario work as well as detailed micro-based analysis. The methodological conclusionthat can be drawn from these studies, is that it is possible to apply wellbeing indicators tothe more detailed policy assessment, but a link to more general national and regionalscenario work is not yet established.