MODELING THE PASSIVE MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING OF SNOW USING DENSE MEDIA RADIATIVE TRANSFER THEORY WITH NMM3D ROUGH-SURFACE BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

摘要

The effects of volume scattering and rough-surface scattering in passive microwave remote sensing are treated, The volume-scattering model is based on dense medium radiative transfer (DMRT) theory with quasicrystalline approximation (QCA) for densely distributed sticky particles. The rough-surface bistatic scattering and emission are modeled using the numerical Maxwell model of 3D simulations (NMM3D). The bistatic scattering coefficients and emissivity of rough surfaces are utilized as the boundary conditions for the DMRT. Full multiple scattering solutions are calculated by solving the DMRT numerically. The results are illustrated for a layer of dry snow over rough ground at 18.7 and 36.5 GHz.