Application and optimization of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-flame-ionization detector (GC-FID) to determine products of the petroleum industry in aqueous samples

摘要

A simple and solvent-free analytical method has been optimized for the determination of hydrocarbons (C_6-C_(20)) from products of the petroleum industry in aqueous samples. Extraction and analysis were carried out using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography coupled with flame-ionization detector (GC-FID). A ZB-5 capillary column (30m×0.25mm inner diameter, 0.25μm film thickness) was used for GC separation and a 100μm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber was used to isolate the analytes. Parameters of HS-SPME, analytes desorption and GC-FID were selected and an analytical procedure is proposed. Under the optimum conditions the limits of detection were in the range of 2.0-13μgL~(-1) and the relative standard deviations were between 2.6 and 14%. The developed analytical method was successfully applied to the analysis of water contaminated by unleaded petrol and unfiltered water used to extinguish a simulated fire.