Determination of the von Klitzing constant and the fine-structure constant through a comparison of the quantized Hall resistance and the ohm derived from the NIST calculable capacitor

摘要

This paper describes a recent determination of the von Klitzing constant and the fine-structure constant by comparisons of values of the ohm as defined in the International System of Units (SI), derived from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) calculable cross-capacitor, and values of the international practical unit of resistance derived from the integral quantum Hall effect. In this determination, the comparisons were made in a series of measurements lasting three years. A small difference is observed between this determination and an earlier comparison carried out in this laboratory and reported in 1988. The most recent value of the fine-structure constant based on the experimental value and theoretical expression for the magnetic moment anomaly of the electron, which has the smallest uncertainty of any value currently available, is consistent with both of these results. The new value exceeds the 1990 conventional value of the von Klitzing constant R↓(k-90) by slightly more than twice the relative standard uncertainty of the present measurement, which is 2.4 ×10↑(-10).