The magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steels are determined by a combination of several metallurgical variables, including crystal orientation, misorientation (the orientation difference between two crystal orientations), and the amount of residual stress associated with plastic deformation. These variables are influenced by cold rolling and annealing. In order to study these relationships, samples in the semi-processed condition were subjected to an additional cold roll and a subsequent annealing at different temperatures, and then characterized using electron backscatter diffraction and nanoindentation. The process routing for these samples was not intended to be representative of real-world manufacturing; the purpose was to produce a spread in the metallurgical variables being investigated. Although some trends were observed involving orientation and misorientation, when present, deformation observed close to grain boundaries appeared to be the most influential variable on the magnetic properties.
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