IN THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

摘要

The development of coke-less processes for producing iron can be attributed to the following factors:a decrease in the cost of the energy used to make the metal, due to energy conservation efforts and the possibility of using more readily available energy sourcesa reduction in the cost of the iron-bearing raw materials;the development of iron-bearing alternatives to scrap metal and an improvement in the quality of metal through the elimination of harmful nonferrous-metal impurities;an improvement in the environmental situation in these processes, due to the absence of facilities for making coke and sinter;the possibility of organizing the manufacture of rolled products with limited financial resources (due to the lower capital investment required)This article examines new processes for producing primary metal that are used on an industrial scale or that have successfully undergone rigorous testing and are being proposed for commercial introduction.