Chronic bee paralysis and sacbrood: Virus infections not associated with other bee diseases

摘要

Chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) and sacbrood virus (SBV) belong to the group of viruses that were first isolated from the honey bee, Apis mellifera. The spread of Varroa destructor all over the world attracted the attention of the vast majority of scientists and beekeepers to viruses which were proved to be the main cause of bee death in colonies infested by this mite. The mite is a vector of these viruses and an activator of their unapparent infections. Some viruses are also associated with another bee pathogen: Nosema spp. CBPV and SBV are common infections in honey bee colonies, which develop independently of other bee pathogens/disorders and can cause overt diseases: chronic bee paralysis and sacbrood. The symptoms are often very similar to those of other serious threats to bee colonies. This paper draws attention to these symptoms (illustrated by photographs), as well as to the ways of spreading, diagnosis, control and prevention of diseases caused by CBPV and SBV.