Reproductive system disorders in bitches are commonplace for small animal veterinary surgeons. Surgical intervention is very often considered as an effective treatment in such cases. Ovariohysterectomy in bitches is the most common surgical procedure on the reproductive system for inducing surgical contraception. Numerous advantages as well as disadvantages may result from ovariohysterectomy, especially when one considers the possibility of an inappropriate course of the surgical procedure and resultant complications. This case report describes the presence of an ovarian capsule abscess in a bitch as a post-surgery complication due to failed surgical removal of the ovary. Moderate weakness, apathy, reduced feed consumption, periodical vomiting and modest polidypsia were observed as clinical symptoms in the bitch. Surgical removal of the pathologically changed ovary and its capsule was performed as an effective treatment that was followed by relevant pharmacotherapy. It is worth mentioning here that spaying a bitch without total removal of the ovaries may have positive consequences such as hormonal prevention of urinary inconsistency or obesity. On the other hand, among the negative consequences, vaginal prolapse, neoplastic transformation, ovarian tumor growth and ovarian capsule abscess are listed. All these possible conditions need to be clearly explained to the owner before the planned surgery.
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