Estrogens in reproductive organ tumors [Review] [Polish]

摘要

The presumable mechanism of neoplastic induction at the molecular level caused by exogenous and endogenous estrogens has been presented. Estrogens and their catocholic metabolites (chinons, semichinons, hydroxyquinins) act on target cells of the reproductive organs through the complex with an intranuclear receptor which becomes bound to the DNA and causes an alteration of gene transcription. The damage of DNA leads to the protooncogen transformation into active oncogens, i.e. c-jun, c-myc, c-fos; capable of inducing the neoplasma. The intensified induction of receptor proteins and DNA synthesis facilitates tumor cell proliferation during which some cyclins like D can be helpful. It has also, been demonstrated that the number of receptors in neoplastic tissue is linked directly with the degree of response to hormonal treatment. When the estrogen receptor level is low, the treatment is unsuccessful and, conversely, when more receptors are present the treatment is more efficient. The effects of hormonal therapy in various tumors of the reproductive organs have been described.