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Professional values, aesthetic values, and the ends of trade.

机译:专业价值观,审美价值观和交易目的。

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Professionalism is initially understood as a historical process, through which certain commercial services sought to improve their social status (and economic reward) by separating themselves from mere crafts or trades. This process may be traced clearly with the aspiration of British portrait painters (headed by Sir Joshua Reynolds), in the eighteenth century, to acquire a social status akin to that of already established professionals, such as clerics and doctors. This may be understood, to a significant degree, as a process of gentrification. The values of the professional thereby lie as much in the etiquette and other social skills with which they deal with their clients, than with any distinctive form of skill or value. Professionalisation as gentrification seemingly says little about the nature of modern professionalism. However, if this process is also construed as one in which the goals and achievements of the profession come to be subject to radical reflection, then something significant about professional values emerges. On this account, the profession is distinguished from craft or trade on the grounds that the goals of the profession, and the effectiveness of any attempt to realise them, are not transparent to the client. While a lay person will typically have the competence necessary to judge whether or not a craft worker has achieved their goal, that person will not necessarily be able to recognise the values that determine the success of a medical operation. It will be concluded that the values of a profession are articulated intrinsically to the profession, in terms of the contested understanding that the professionals themselves have of the meaning of the profession and the narratives within which its history is to be told.
机译:最初,专业精神被理解为一个历史过程,通过该过程某些商业服务试图通过将自己与单纯的手工艺品或行业分开来提高其社会地位(和经济回报)。这个过程可以清楚地追溯到18世纪英国肖像画家(由约书亚·雷诺兹爵士率领)的抱负,以获得与已经建立的专业人员(如牧师和医生)相似的社会地位。这在很大程度上可以理解为高级化的过程。因此,专业人员的价值不仅在于其与客户打交道的礼节和其他社交技能,还在于其与任何形式的技能或价值的区别。作为高级化的专业化似乎没有说明现代专业化的本质。但是,如果将此过程也解释为对职业的目标和成就进行深刻反思的过程,那么关于专业价值观的事情就会浮出水面。因此,该专业与手工艺或贸易有所不同,其理由是该专业的目标以及实现这些目标的任何努力对客户而言都不透明。尽管外行人员通常具有判断手工艺工人是否已实现其目标的必要能力,但该人员不一定能够识别确定医疗手术成功的价值。可以得出这样的结论,即从专业人士本身对该行业的含义以及要讲述其历史的叙述中的有争议的理解来看,该行业的价值观是该行业固有的。

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