In 2011 the approach of the REF 2014 (Research Excellence Framework) to Impact was announced and in 2012 EPSRC published the Deloitte Report on the Economic Benefits of Mathematical Science Research in the UK~1. This made clear that henceforth the economic, cultural and societal benefits of universities' research beyond their walls would be recognised in future funding models and, possibly for the first time, the truly huge scale of the benefits of mathematical research to the UK economy was quantified. In particular it was confirmed that the mathematical sciences are key to many areas of business, security and society with potentially huge economic impact.
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