In reply - Is coffee harmful? If looking for longevity, say yes to the coffee, no to the sugar

摘要

We thank DiNicolantonio et al for their interest in our article on coffee consumption and mortality. We agree that the association of coffee consumption with all-cause mortality or disease-specific mortality is complex, and we cannot claim that our results establish causality because of the observational design of our study and other factors, such as unmeasured or unknown potential confounding exposures. However, we do not agree with the opinion of DiNicolantonio et al that all but the associations between the highest levels of coffee drinking and mortality became statistically insignificant in fully adjusted models. In fact, we reported that the association exists for all models in men and also in stratified analyses for younger men and women. In addition, we admitted in the Limitations section of our article as well as in the previous reply to the editor that some potential important confounders, including sleep disorders and insomnia, could not be included in our analysis. Therefore, future research is needed to obtain data on these issues and reeval-uate this association.