On the surface

摘要

The broad definition of surface engineering -the design of a composite system (coating plus substrate) that provides a performance that cannot be achieved by either the coating or substrate in isolation - coined in the UK in the 1970s, encompasses diverse applications including simple domestic items such as toothbrushes, food packaging, building design and textiles. Shavers and toothbrushes feature an engineered handle with an elastomer coating to provide a secure grip, better control, and a design that is elegant and highly functional. Bathroom fittings are commonly duplex nickel and chromium electroplated onto metal or plastics, resulting in a pleasing appearance with enhanced durability. Gold plating and black finishes from ruthenium are also available. Cookers have a high temperature paint finish, which may be vitreous enamelled to protect from heat and aid cleaning.