Almost the whole production of cast iron with flake and nodular graphite is distributed between cupola (some two thirds) and electric induction furnaces (one third);i). A new kind of cupola furnace is the cokeless, natural gas fired cupola. This has many advantages, especially for production of cast iron with nodular graphite because there is no need for desulphurisation. During 1 5 years of successful practice and development, several research projects have been initiated, promoted by Germany's Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology (BMBF), to measure the metallurgical and engineering processes as comprehensively as possible.
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