Mafia Island is the third largest island of the Zanzibar Archipelago, and one of the only two localities where fruit bats of the genus Pteropus Brisson 1762 live in Tanzania. Even though the island is famous for this mammalian resident, there is very little known about the mammalian fauna in general on Mafia. We present collected information about the mammals of Mafia based on historical records and recent biotic surveys, and list a total of 30 species recorded from the island, three of which are reported here for the first time. With the exception of Pteropus, the fauna of Mafia is much like that of the nearby mainland of Tanzania.
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