Photoelectron spectroscopy on pyrolytic carbon films revealed a main part of carbon atoms in graphitic planes and a smaller part of functional groups with oxygen bonded to carbon atoms. Oxygen totalled a share of 10 at% and more of the carbon coating. The films with a turbostratic structure consist of nearly parallel oriented atomic layers of hexagonal rings with dimensions in the nanometer scale, which is well known from HREM investigations. The oxygen atoms are proposed to saturate the numerous dangling bonds around these individual atomic planes. The oxygen atoms form double bonds or bridges between carbon atoms. [References: 4]
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