The particulate components of flue gases from small wood-fired furnaces clearly differ in concentration and contents. On the one hand the kind and moisture content of the used fuel are decisive. On the other hand, different operating parameters in the furnace chamber play a role which can influence the conversion of the fuel. With an incomplete combustion, caused by irregular mixing of fuel and atmospheric oxygen or by lacking air supply, primarily uncombusted carbon compounds appear in the form of soot. Low temperature zones in the combustion chamber, caused through evaporation of water bound in the fuel, favour the development of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAK) in tars. With good combustion conditions, the fuel can be converted stoichiometrically, so that low volatile ash components and newly formed salts will primarily appear. Hence, we essentially distinguish between soot, salts, and tars in the particulate emissions /1, 2/.
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