Tegumentary leishmaniasis, comprising the cutaneous and mucocutaneous forms, is caused by at least 13 dermotropic species of protozoa of the genus Leishmania, most of which are prevalent in the New World. Although diseases in the Old and New Worlds share similar characteristics, the ultimate manifestations and severity are quite different, with more severe forms associated with mucosal lesions observed in the New World. For the diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis, differences based on clinical features, usefulness/sensitivity of diagnostic methods and therapeutic responses are mainly emphasized. We present a critical review of the diagnostic methods, their contribution and the necessity for their improvement/development, particularly in molecular diagnosis aimed at detection and species identification, as well as serodiagnosis. In addition to a review of the drugs currently utilized, we describe differences in their effectiveness in Old and New World leishmaniasis. HIV/Leishmania coinfection is also presented in the context of diagnosis and treatment.
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机译：由皮肤和粘膜皮肤形式组成的皮层性利什曼病是由至少13种利什曼原虫属的原生动物物种引起的，其中大多数在新大陆流行。尽管旧世界和新世界的疾病具有相似的特征，但其最终表现和严重程度却大不相同，在新世界中观察到的粘膜病变与更严重的形式有关。对于利什曼病的诊断和治疗，主要强调基于临床特征，诊断方法的有用性/敏感性和治疗反应的差异。我们对诊断方法，其贡献和改进/发展的必要性进行了严格的审查，特别是在针对检测和物种鉴定以及血清诊断的分子诊断中。除了对当前使用的药物进行综述之外，我们还描述了它们在旧世界和新世界利什曼病中的疗效差异。 HIV /利什曼原虫合并感染也在诊断和治疗中出现。
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