With heavily fluctuating fuel prices, the total cost of ownership of loaders, excavators, and other off-road machines is nowadays strongly influenced by the fuel costs. Moreover, there is growing concern about CO{sub}2-emissions caused by the burning of fossil fuels as well as about the long-term availability of these fuels. The fuel economy and efficiencies of the drive train and the hydraulic implements have therefore become extremely important parameters in the design of future off-road machines.
展开▼
