Healthy poultry with balanced diets, Part 2: Feed and wellness series

摘要

Stress can be defined as a real or imagined threat to the (physiological) integrity of an individual that results in physiological and/or behavioural responses (McEwen and Wingfield, 2003), like elevated heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and fighting or retreating. The physiological alterations ensure that arousal and vigilance are enhanced, whereas processes not immediately necessary for survival, like growth and digestion of food, are inhibited.