Myriad ocular manifestations of one of the oldest human scourges in the eye

摘要

We thank you for the opportunity to address the question on the variability of the presentation of syphilis in the posterior segment of the eye. In reference to our article published in Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology [1], we applaud the very interesting questions posed by our learned colleagues. Background: syphilis has long been associated with ocular manifestations. Syphilis, tuberculosis, and sarcoidosis are well known for variegated presentation in the human body. For example, all of the three can affect the tissues, ranging from the hair follicle to the nail bed. It would be difficult to expect that a single "pattern recognition" diagnosis of retinal diseases should always correspond with the pathophysiology of the disease and corroborate with imaging.