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Reading the book of life

机译:读人生书

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With the publication of the human genome sequence, we are passing into a new phase in the analysis of what is popularly being called the 'Book of Life'. However symbolic the shift, it is nevertheless palpable: the data will be in a more or less contiguous, more or less stable form, constituting a reference text against which coding and regulatory regions, polymorphisms, model organism sequences, genetic phenomena, etc., can be systematically and reliably pinned. The role of the-bioinformatics practitioner may also be expected to change, by degrees: one may become less like an archaeologist, discovering and poring over shards of evidence to piece together rudimentary translations, and more tike a literary critic, attuned to theme and variation, elucidating ever more subtle nuances of meaning and interrelationship in a well-worn textus receptus. Indeed, the integrative task at hand has been characterized as 'biosequence exegesis' (Boguski, 1999). The notion of genome as literature may be seen as an extension of the linguistic metaphor that has dominated molecular biology from its inception, as is evident from the terminology used in the field. In fact, the span of modem molecular biology over the last half-century has some striking parallels to developments in the field of linguistics. In 1953, Michael Ventris and John Chadwick succeeded in deciphering Linear B, showing it to be a dialect of Mycenean Greek written in an early syllabic script that was an important milestone on the path to alphabetic languages (Robinson, 1995). This achievement, of course, occurred just at the time that Watson and Crick were establishing the same sort of lexical foundation for our present understanding of the genome. (Students of history, and of irony, may be interested to learn that Ventris and Chadwick were crucially aided in their endeavor by earlier groundbreaking efforts of a woman, Alice Kober, whose premature death denied her any possibility of achieving similar renown.)
机译:随着人类基因组序列的发布,我们正在进入一个被普遍称为“生命之书”的分析新阶段。无论这种变化是否具有象征意义,但还是显而易见的:数据将以或多或少连续,或多或少稳定的形式构成,构成参考文本,以此作为参考和编码区,调控区,多态性,模型生物序列,遗传现象等,可以系统可靠地固定。生物信息学从业者的角色也可能会发生一定程度的变化:人们可能不再像考古学家那样,发现并研究大量的证据以拼凑基本的翻译内容,而更像是一位文学评论家,其主题和变化都与之相称。阐明了破旧的文本接受中含义和相互关系的细微差别。实际上,手头的整合任务已被描述为“生物序列解释”(Boguski,1999)。基因组学作为文学的概念可以看作是语言隐喻的一种扩展,从一开始,它就已经占据了分子生物学的主导地位,这一点从本领域中使用的术语可以明显看出。实际上,近半个世纪以来现代分子生物学的发展与语言学领域的发展有着惊人的相似之处。 1953年,迈克尔·文特里斯(Michael Ventris)和约翰·查德威克(John Chadwick)成功地解密了线性B,表明它是迈锡尼希腊语的一种方言,它是用早期的音节脚本书写的,这是通向字母语言道路上的一个重要里程碑(Robinson,1995)。当然,这项成就恰好发生在Watson和Crick为我们目前对基因组的理解建立相同种类的词汇基础的时候。 (历史和讽刺的学生可能有兴趣了解到,温特里斯和查德威克在妇女艾丽丝·科伯的早期开创性努力中得到了至关重要的帮助,她的过早死亡剥夺了她获得类似声望的任何可能性。)

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