Effect of solar radiation refraction on the zenith angle and times of the sunrise and sunset in the atmosphere

摘要

The analytical formulas for the solar radiation refraction angle and the times of the sunrise and sunset at altitudes of the atmosphere, which make it possible to take into account the dependence of these parameters on the temperature, density, and temperature vertical gradient in the atmosphere specified at the ground level, have been obtained. It has been indicated that solar radiation refraction pronouncedly affects the times of the sunrise and sunset at altitudes of the atmosphere.