Machine Effects on Cytological Defence Mechanisms in the Teat Tissue

摘要

The first publication on mechanical milking occurred in 1819 in an issue of the New England Farmer. At that time it was attempted to mechanize the milk withdrawal by inserting tubes into the cow's teats. These devices caused discomfort and mastitis and therefore farmers rejected this type of mechanical milking. From the 1870s on, different attempts were made to milk cows mechanically either by the means of pressure devices which squeezed the teats in the manner of hand milking or by simple suction milkers using a single-chambered teat cup.